労働経済学 第12回 若年労働力
1.不況の直撃を受ける若年労働力
完全失業率 (%)
Both sexes |
総数 |
20〜24 |
50〜54 |
55〜59 |
60〜64 |
1968 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
1969 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
1970 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1971 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1972 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
0.8 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1973 |
1.2 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1973 |
1.3 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1974 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1975 |
1.9 |
2.9 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
1976 |
2.0 |
2.9 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
1977 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
1.4 |
2.4 |
3.3 |
1978 |
2.2 |
3.5 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
3.7 |
1979 |
2.1 |
3.4 |
1.5 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
1980 |
2.0 |
3.3 |
1.4 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
1981 |
2.2 |
3.6 |
1.4 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
1982 |
2.4 |
4.0 |
1.7 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
1983 |
2.6 |
4.1 |
2.0 |
3.3 |
4.5 |
1984 |
2.7 |
4.4 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
4.7 |
1985 |
2.6 |
4.1 |
1.8 |
3.3 |
4.9 |
1986 |
2.8 |
4.6 |
1.9 |
3.4 |
4.9 |
1987 |
2.8 |
4.5 |
2.0 |
3.3 |
5.3 |
1988 |
2.5 |
4.2 |
1.7 |
2.8 |
4.7 |
1989 |
2.3 |
3.8 |
1.4 |
2.4 |
4.2 |
1990 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
3.5 |
1991 |
2.1 |
3.8 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
3.6 |
1992 |
2.2 |
3.9 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
3.7 |
1993 |
2.5 |
4.7 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
4.6 |
1994 |
2.9 |
5.0 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
5.3 |
1995 |
3.2 |
5.7 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
5.7 |
1996 |
3.4 |
6.1 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
6.4 |
1997 |
3.4 |
6.2 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
6.2 |
1998 |
4.1 |
7.1 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
7.5 |
1999 |
4.7 |
8.4 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
7.9 |
2000 |
4.7 |
8.6 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
8.0 |
2001 |
5.0 |
9.0 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
8.1 |
2002 |
5.4 |
9.3 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
7.7 |
2003 |
5.3 |
9.8 |
3.7 |
4.5 |
7.5 |
2004 |
4.7 |
9.0 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
5.7 |
2005 |
4.4 |
8.4 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
4.9 |
2006 |
4.1 |
7.7 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
2007 |
3.9 |
7.5 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
2008 |
4.0 |
7.1 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
4.3 |
2009 |
5.1 |
9.0 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
5.4 |
2010 |
5.1 |
9.1 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
5.7 |
2011 |
4.6 |
8.2 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
5.1 |
2012 |
4.3 |
7.9 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
2013 |
4.0 |
7.0 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
2014 |
3.6 |
6.3 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
2015 |
3.4 |
5.6 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
2016 |
3.1 |
5.4 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
2017 |
2.8 |
4.7 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2018 |
2.4 |
3.6 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
2.なぜ若年層が不況の犠牲になるのか
(1)経済的理由
・雇用調整のコスト
割増退職金、再就職の支援コスト
・教育訓練投資の喪失
・採用コストの節約
(2)非経済的理由
・解雇権濫用禁止の法理
・社会的評価の失墜
・顔が見える人を護りたい
3.若年層の非正社員化のもたらすもの